Most of African low-resource languages are primarily spoken rather than written and lack large, standardized textual resources. In many communities, low literacy rates and limited access to formal education mean that text-based translation technologies alone are insufficient for effective communication. As a result, speech-to-speech translation systems play a crucial role by enabling direct and natural interaction across languages without requiring reading or writing skills. Such systems are essential for improving access to information, public services, healthcare, and education. The goal of our work is to build powerful transcription and speech synthesis models for Mooré language. Then, these models have been used to build a cascaded voice translation system between French and Mooré, since we already got a French-Mooré machine translation model. We collected Mooré audio-text pairs, rea...

This work focuses on neural machine translation between French and Mooré, leveraging the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in a low-resource language context. Mooré is a local language widely spoken in Burkina Faso but remains underrepresented in digital resources. Alongside Mooré, French, now a working language, remains widely used in administration, education, justice, etc. The coexistence of these two languages creates a growing demand for effective translation tools. However, Mooré, like many low-resource languages, poses significant challenges for machine translation due to the scarcity of parallel corpora and its complex morphology.The main objective of this work is to adapt LLMs for French–Mooré translation. Three pre-trained models were selected: No Language Left Behind (NLLB-200), mBART50, and AfroLM. A corpus of approximately 83,000 validated sentence pairs was compi...

Malaria, caused by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum, remains a major public health priority in tropical regions. The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for detecting anti-Plasmodium antibodies is an essential diagnostic tool. However, its sensitivity and specificity are closely dependent on the concentration of antigens used. This study aimed to determine the optimal antigen concentration for seven P. falciparum antigens (AMA1, MSP1, GLURP, CSP, EBA175, MSP3, and EXP1) in order to optimize the signal-to-background noise ratio of indirect ELISA tests. To achieve this, titration microplates were coated with serial dilutions of each antigen (from 2 μg/ml to 0.0625 μg/ml), incubated with patient sera, and then developed using conjugated secondary antibodies. Each antigen concentration was tested in duplicate wells (n=2), using Hyper-Immune Tanzanian (HIT) plasma at antigen-specific...

Ce travail de recherche a permis de caractériser pour la première fois les propriétés fonctionnelles, physico-chimiques et microbiologiques du Djir, une farine fermentée traditionnelle à base de mil perlé (Pennisetum glaucum) largement consommée au Tchad. Quatre-vingt-dix échantillons ont été collectés dans trois villes tchadiennes (Abéché, Guéréda et Oum-Hadjer), aussi bien sur des sites de production que sur des marchés. Les résultats ont montré que le Djir présente un pH acide (3,39 à 3,93) et une faible teneur en humidité (2,50 à 10,68 %), deux facteurs favorables à sa conservation. Les propriétés fonctionnelles varient considérablement d’un échantillon à l’autre, avec des capacités d’absorption d’eau comprises entre 68 et 128 %, des capacités d’absorption d’huile entre 60 et 109 %, et une stabilité de la mousse particulièrement élevée (88 à 99 %). L’analyse microbiologique a révélé...

This paper introduces a novel reference model for intelligent longitudinal vehicle control, designed to enhance both safety and passenger comfort. The proposed model dynamically adjusts the follower vehicle’s acceleration based on its penetration distance relative to the lead vehicle, ensuring smooth speed transitions and adaptive deceleration. By preventing abrupt braking, the model maintains a safe inter-vehicle distance while reducing passenger discomfort. Key contributions include an analytical derivation of the follower vehicle’s dynamics and a novel formulation of the safety distance using the Lambert W function, enabling precise parameter optimization. A dedicated optimization framework ensures compliance with safety constraints while minimizing excessive acceleration and jerk. The model’s performance is validated through numerical simulations in various driving scenarios, includi...

Mosaic landscapes integrating protected areas and agroecosystems with variable exploitation intensities constitute critical ecosystems for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem service provision. This study evaluated how anthropogenic pressure gradients influence plant community structure, diversity, and carbon sequestration in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of Burkina Faso. Using a stratified sampling design across four anthropization levels: (i) savannah woodland = level 1, (ii) forest-edge fields = level 2, (iii) bush fields = level 3, and (iv) homestead fields = level 4, we analyzed 80 forest plots distributed along transects from inhabited areas toward the Sissili classified forest. Within each plot, floristic composition, dendrometric parameters, and aboveground carbon stocks were measured. The results revealed a significant decline in woody species richness from savannah woodland (21 ...

This study aims to analyze the effect of water mass flow rate on a Si-solar cell temperature and electronic parameters through two models. From the thermal model, the thermal equation is determined and solved to obtain the cell temperature versus light concentration and for different mass flow rates. By the electrical model, the electronic parameters were determined and plotted also versus light concentration and water mass flow rate. Results show that temperature rises with light concentration and decreases with increasing mass flow rate. Mobility and diffusion coefficients of electrons and holes as well as the silicon gap energy, decrease with light concentration but all increase with rising mass flow rate. The electrons intrinsic density increases with concentration and fall down with mass flow rise. Near the...

Anemia is a public health problem afecting mainly children under 5 years and pregnant women. However, school-age children are also afected but are often neglected in research. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with anemia among primary school children in public schools in the Plateau Central Region of Burkina Faso. Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration was determined using a HemoCue HB201þ analyzer. Data were collected from 551 schoolchildren aged 5–14 years. Anemia was established if the Hb level was lower than 11.5 g/dL in children aged 5–11 years and less than 12 g/dL in children aged 12–14 years. Binary logistic regression was adjusted to identify factors associated with anemia at a p value < 0.05. The prevalence of anemia was 59.2%, including 52.6% of the girls. Schoolchildren aged 5–11 years were the most afected, with a rate of 58.5%, versus 60.2% for schoo...

The rise of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections has intensified the search for plant-derived quorum-sensing (QS) inhibitors as alternative therapeutic strategies. Ageratum conyzoides L. has a long history of traditional use as an antimicrobial agent against multidrug-resistant pathogens, yet the phytochemical basis of its QS-inhibitory activity remains incompletely characterized. This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical composition of A. conyzoides and evaluate its potential as a QS inhibitor and antioxidant. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the methanol extract was conducted using flash chromatography on a C18 column. High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) was used to establish the phytochemical profile of active subfractions. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH radical scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and ABTS Trolox equivale...

Le roman burkinabè pose littéralement l’épineuse question de la recherche des voies et moyens en vue d’un réel progrès sur le continent africain en général et pour le Burkina Faso en particulier. Pour ce faire il ressort de la conscience des œuvres qui s’ouvrent à notre analyse que la dominée société textuelle romanesque est marquée par de nombreuses contre valeurs socioculturelles. Ces contre-valeurs censées être combattues par un système viable ne le sont pas car la volonté de certains actants à promouvoir les valeurs sociales et culturelles constructives se heurte malheureusement à un désordre systémique qui nourrit et entretient les contre valeurs socioculturelles. Nous nous intéressons ici à la vision du monde des auteurs dans leurs romans, de relever les défis auxquels sont confrontés les États par le biais du structuralisme et de la narratologie.