In this paper, we study some class of cellular automata (CA) preserving modulo-recursive, stability by reflection and richness called stable cellular automata (SCA). After applying these automata on Sturmian words, we establish some combinatorial properties of these new words. Next, the classical and palindromic complexity functions of these words are also determined. Finally, we show that these words are 2-balanced and we establish their abelian complexity function.

Faidherbia albida (Delile) A. Chev. is a key agroforestry species that provides multiple ecosystem services, including soil fertilization, carbon sequestration, and forage production. Despite its ecological importance in climate change mitigation and its vital role for rural communities, natural populations of F. albida are declining due to poor regeneration, inadequate farming practices, and limited access to effective seed pretreatment techniques. This study aimed to assess the effect of seed size and sand scarification on the germination of Faidherbia albida. Seeds were classified into small, medium and large categories and subjected to sulfuric acid (98%), sand scarification and control pretreatment. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with two factor (three pretreatments and three seed size categories), each replicated five times. A total of 1,125 seeds w...

Bacterial meningitis is a severe infection affecting the protective membranes of the brain and spinal cord, with rapidly worsening symptoms that can lead to life-threatening complications. This study presents an autonomous deterministic epidemic model, SIaIsMRS, to explore the dynamics of bacterial meningitis in a community implementing control strategies like media coverage, early diagnosis, isolation, and treatment. We adjust the transmission probability based on media coverage and calculate the effective reproduction number, Ref , which includes contributions from asymptomatic $R_ef^a$ and symptomatic individuals $R_ef^s$ . We derive the basic reproduction number, R0, to characterize initial infection spread and analyze the local stability of infection-free and endemic equilibria, using the Routh-Hurwitz criteria. For global stability, we apply Castillo-Chavez method for the infec...

This study aims to model the stochastic dependence between potassium (K+), iron (F e2+), and ammonium (N H+4 ) concentrations in groundwater from the Sissili province in Burkina Faso. To achieve this, we rely on the Student, Frank, and H ¨usler–Reiss copulas to capture the full range of hydro-geochemical dependence structures. This statistical approach provides a reliable, flexible, and robust tool for analyzing environmental characteristics while supporting the sustainable management of water resources

In this paper, we focus on a new type of complexity of infinite words called privileged complexity. We apply this concept to the ternary Thue-Morse word. First, we present properties of the return words in the ternary Thue-Morse word. Then, we study the privileged words of this infinite word. Finally, we derive a recursive formula that allows us to determine the privileged complexity function of this ternary word.

Background Prosopis africana is traditionally used in folk medicine in Burkina Faso for oral diseases. Leaves and stems are used in rural areas to treat dental caries, and the bark is used to treat green diarrhea in infants. In the context of a better understanding of Prosopis africana’s bioactivity and toxicity, the present study deals with the chemical profiling of the different botanical parts of P. Africana used in phytomedicine. The impact of herbal medicine on various factors contributing to oral infections and caries, specifically with its anti-biofilm and anti-quorum sensing properties have been little investigated. Methods The anti-biofilm effect of methanolic extracts of leaves and stems of P. africana was evaluated on Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using the crystal violet assay. The anti-quorum sensing effect on Chromobacterium C...

Fusarium solani is a cosmopolitan fungus causing mortality of young cowpea plants and severe wilting at an advanced stage of plant development. As a result, it considerably affects cowpea production, undermining food and nutritional security. The use of resistant varieties combined with appropriate agricultural practices is a very effective and sustainable strategy to control the disease. It is with this in mind that this study was carried out to identify sources of cowpea resistance to Fusarium solani. It consisted of screening 20 cowpea genotypes under a controlled environment with the Liv2-Kom-F03 isolate from Fusarium solani. The experimental design used was a split plot with four replications. The data recorded are the emergence of plants on the 10th day after inoculation (DAI), the mortality of the plants on the 30th DAI, the mortality of the plants on the 60th DAI, the incidence o...

Flemingia faginea is a woody species whose various parts are widely used in traditional medicine. However, this species, which typically grows along waterways, is becoming increasingly rare due to poor seed germination in the wild, possibly resulting from the effects of climate change and human activities. Given the increasing rarity of F. faginea and the importance of temperature and light in seedling establishment, the aim of this study was to assess how different temperature and light conditions affect the germination of its seeds. The experiment was conducted in germination boxes using a completely randomized design with four replicates and nine treatments, combining three temperature levels (20°C, 30°C, and 40°C) with three light regimes (continuous light for 24 h, alternating 12 h light/12 h darkness, and continuous darkness for 24 h). Germination parameters, germination delay, ger...

Aims: Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) is one of the cross-pollinated cereals in West Africa. It is cultivated for its grains. However, to date, strategies for selecting pearl millet populations and hybrids are low in West Africa. The objective of this study is to characterize the genetic bases of parental and F1 populations of pearl millet derived from Burkina Faso and ICRISAT gene bank. Place and Duration of Study: A Fisher block design with three replicates was implemented at the Gampéla, Burkina Faso experimental site during March 2025. Methodology: The material plant provides partial diallel crosses that were carried out between three groups of pearl millet from Burkina Faso, Niger, and India. Measurements were taken on 14 quantitative traits and 11 qualitative traits, and analyses were performed using R and XLSTAT software Results: The analyses reveal coefficie...

In this paper, we consider a reaction-diffusion model with homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions to describe fish and zooplankton dynamics. This model incorporates a complex Crowley-Martin functional responses. We also introduce two important elements: fishing and cannibalism effect in the dynamics. In the mathematical analysis, global attractor, persistence conditions and stability of all equilibrium states are studied. We obtained sufficient conditions to ensure the global stability of the non trivial positive state by using a Lyapunov function. Furthermore, we derive the conditions for Hopf bifurcations and Turing instability. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the analytical results in the different fish exploited and unexploited areas.