ARTICLE
Free Radical Scavenging Capacity and Anti-Biofilm Potentiality of Six Wild Edible Fruits from Burkina Faso
Ablassé Rouamba, Vincent Ouédraogo, Eli compaoré, Moussa Compaoré and Martin Kiendrebeogo
L’émergence de la résistance bactérienne aux antibiotiques nécessite la recherche de nouvelles stratégies de lutte. L'objectif de cette étude était d'évaluer la capacité de piégeage des radicaux libres et le pouvoir anti-biofilm des fractions de l'extrait éthanolique de six fruits tropicaux comestibles. La capacité de l'extrait à neutraliser les radicaux libres a été mesurée par spectrophotométrie en utilisant quatre modèles antioxydants. En outre, la capacité des extraits de fruits à inhiber la formation du biofilm de Pseudomonas aeruginosa a été examinée en utilisant le test au cristal violet. Les fractions acétate d'éthyle et méthanolique de Parkia biglobosa, de Zizipus mauritiana, de Saba senegalensis et de Adansonia digitata ont montré des activités antioxydantes intéressantes grâce à leurs capacités à piéger des radicaux DPPH, ABTS et oxyde nitrique ainsi qu'à leur pouvoir inhibiteur de la dégradation du désoxyribose. De plus, les fractions des extraits de fruits ont inhibé de manière significative la formation du biofilm de P. aeruginosa (jusqu'à 72% d'inhibition) sans affecter la croissance bactérienne. La fraction chloroforme de Z. mauritiana a montré l'activité antibiofilm la plus élevée (72,11 ± 0,20% d'inhibition). En général, les fractions chloroformique et méthanolique des extraits de fruit ont montré une plus grande activité anti-biofilm que les fractions hexanique et acétate d'éthyle.
Les fruits comestibles tropicaux sont des sources potentielles d'agents antimicrobiens efficaces. Des recherches phytochimiques approfondies sont nécessaires pour isoler les composés antimicrobiens efficaces pour combattre les pathogènes multirésistants.
ARTICLE
Free radical scavenging activity and HPLC-MS identification of major anthocyanin in ripe Ziziphus mucronata fruit collected in Burkina Faso. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 18(2), 2024, pp 691-705
Arrounan NOBA, Constantin M. DABIRÉ, Remy K. BATIONO, Bazoin Sylvain Raoul BAZIÉ, Paulin OUÔBA, Moumouni KOALA, Adama HEMA, Elie KABRÉ, Eloi PALÉ and Mouhoussine NACRO
In recent decades, interest in anthocyanin pigments has increased due to their possible use as natural food colorants, antioxidants, and anti-inflammatory agents. This study aimed to identify the major anthocyanins in ripe Ziziphus mucronata fruit harvested in the Niangoloko classified forest. HPLC-ESI-MS/MS was used to identify anthocyanins. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoids (TFC) were assessed using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and the spectrophotometric method of Khan (2012) respectively. Total anthocyanin content (TAC) was obtained using a differential pH method. Total antioxidant potential (TAC) was carried out using DPPH and ABTS tests. Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside and cyanidin 3-O-galactoside were major anthocyanins identified by HPLC-MS. Quantitative analysis showed that this fruit contains an average of 321 ± 11 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE), 3815 ± 15 mg quercetin equivalent (QE), and 9.64 ± 0.70 mg cyanidin 3-O-glucoside equivalent per 100 g fresh fruit. Total antioxidant contents ranged between 206.57 ± 7.00 and 88.72 ± 0.87 mg TE/100 g fresh fruit. Free radical scavenging activity of Ziziphus mucronata fruit was found to be 342.90 µg/mL, while that of standard Trolox was 21.8 µg/mL. Therefore, Ziziphus mucronata fruit could be a potential source of natural bioactive substances of great interest to consumers.
ARTICLE
Free amino acids profile of pulp of Saba senegalensis (A.DC.) Pichon fruit in the three climatic areas of Burkina Faso
Konan K. Toussaint Yao · Marius K. Somda, · Iliassou Mogmenga, · Mahamadi Nikiema , · Yerobessor Dabire , Assietta Ouattara , · Donatien Kabore ·, Mamoudou H. Dicko
Non-timber forest products are often disregarded in favor of primary crops in Burkina Faso, despite their nutritional
significance and contribution to food self-sufficiency. However, the lack of scientific information regarding the amino
acid content of Saba senegalensis pulp impedes its utilization in various foods production. Consequently, the primary
objective of this investigation was to assess the free amino acid profile of S. senegalensis pulp in the three distinct
climatic zones of Burkina Faso. Fruit samples were collected from these climatic regions, and the amino acid content
was analyzed using HPLC methods. The analysis of S. senegalensis pulp revealed the presence of essential amino acids in
mg/100 g, mainly isoleucine (300 ± 75–305 ± 15), leucine (370 ± 92.50–377 ± 95.50), lysine (200 ± 50–205 ± 70), methionine
(90 ± 22.50–104 ± 50), phenylalanine (140 ± 35–196 ± 15), threonine (230 ± 57.50–241 ± 27.50), valine (260 ± 65–285 ± 40),
and tryptophan (230 ± 57.50–237 ± 75.50), as well as non-essential amino acids. Statistical analysis indicated no significant
difference (p > 0,5) in the essential and non-essential amino acids across the climatic zones. According to the revised
model spectrum of ideal essential amino acids for humans by the WHO/FAO, the E/T values ranged from 43.12 to 43.40%,
and the E/NE values ranged from 75.83 to 76.68%. The BC/E values ranged from 50.69 to 51.09%, while the BC/A values
ranged from 1.24 to 1.37. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed specific variations in the amino acid composition
of the fruit pulp based on the climatic zones. This study demonstrates that S. senegalensis is a valuable source of amino
acids and can potentially enhance food security.
ARTICLE
How do free healthcare policies impact utilization of maternal and child health services in fragile settings? Evidence from a controlled interrupted time series analysis in Burkina Faso
Thit Thit Aye, Hoa Thi Nguyen, Laurène Petitfour, Valéry Ridde, Felix Amberg, Emmanuel Bonnet, Mariam Seynou, Joël Arthur Kiendrébéogo, Manuela De Allegri
Burkina Faso has implemented a nationwide free healthcare policy (gratuité) for pregnant and lactating women and children under 5 years since April 2016. Studies have shown that free healthcare policies can increase healthcare service use. However, the emerging coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, escalating insecurity and the political situation in recent years might have affected the implementation of such policies. No studies have looked at whether the gratuité maintained high service use under such changing circumstances. Our study aimed to assess the effects of gratuité on the utilization of facility-based delivery and curative care of children under 5 years in light of this changing context. We employed a controlled interrupted time series analysis using data from the Health Management Information System and annual statistical reports of 2560 primary health facilities from January 2013 to December 2021. We focused on facility-based deliveries and curative care for children under 5 years, with antenatal care and curative care for children over 5 years as non-equivalent controls. We employed segmented regression with the generalized least square model, accounting for autocorrelation and monthly seasonality. The monthly utilization rate among children under 5 years compared to those above 5 years (controls) immediately increased by 111.19 visits per 1000 children (95% CI: 91.12, 131.26) due to the gratuité. This immediate effect declined afterwards with a monthly change of 0.93 per 1000 children (95% CI: -1.57, -0.29). We found no significant effects, both immediate and long-term, on the use of maternal care services attributable to the gratuité. Our findings suggest that free healthcare policies can be instrumental in improving healthcare, yet more comprehensive strategies are needed to maintain healthcare utilization. Our findings reflect the overall situation in the country, while localized research is needed to understand the effect of insecurity and the pandemic at the local level and the effects of gratuité across geographies and socioeconomic statuses.
COMMUNICATION
Energy-free Security in Wireless Sensor Networks
Adel Elgaber (1) , Julien Bernard (1) , Yacouba Ouattara (1)
Wireless sensor networks are often deployed in open and uncontrolled environments that make them more vulnerable to security attacks. Cryptographic algorithms can be used to protect the data collected by the sensors against an intruder. The cost in terms of energy to provide enough security can be quite large as these algorithms may be very complex. As communication is the main energy consumer, a way to save energy is to use data compression. We propose to measure the impact of the well-known DES algorithm on the energy consumption for various number of rounds and then, we show that energy-free security may be possible. We combine a cryptographic algorithm with a compression algorithm and show through a model that a node can provide security without consuming more energy. The only counterpart is the time for ciphering and compressing. We get some results from experiments on energy consumption of cryptographic and compression algorithms and establish the level of security that can be achieved in various cases, from a single node to a random network.
ARTICLE
Efficacy of opioid-free anesthesia in maxillofacial surgery.
I. Guibla1*, S. C Ilboudo1, S. I. S Traore2, J. P Lechat3, B. Traore4, A. Coulibaly4, C. T. W Bougouma5 , K. B Ki6, I. A Traore1, F. Kabore5
Opioid free anesthesia (OFA) is a promising, new technique in anesthesia. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of an OFA protocol in maxillofacial surgery. This was a randomized, single-blind trial. 66 patients were recruited, with 33 in each group. Group 1 received OFA protocol and group 2 opioid protocol. The primary outcome measure was the highest pain score recorded, using a pain numerical scale (PNS), during the first two postoperative hours. Secondary outcome measures were the highest PNS score during the first 24 hours after surgery, the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting and the incidence of postoperative complications. The mean age in group 1 was 33.3±12.8 years and 31±12.6 years in group 2 (p = 0.58). The mean highest PNS score was 2.8±1.8 in group 1 and 4.1±1.6 in group 2 for the first two hours postoperatively (p = 0.001). It was 1.3±1.4 in group 1 and 3.2±1.8 in group 2 (p = 0.000) for the first 24 hours postoperatively. No postoperative complications were recorded in either group. OFA is a safe and effective anesthetic technique for patients undergoing maxillofacial surgery.
