Depuis le discours de la Baule, la démocratie s’est imposée comme un modèle politique dominant en Afrique, notamment au Burkina Faso. Toutefois, l’évolution politique du pays a montré une dynamique paradoxale entre attachement à l’ordre démocratique et soutien à des régimes issus de coups d’État. En 2014, une insurrection populaire a chassé Blaise Compaoré pour défendre la démocratie. Cependant, après une transition marquée par un coup d’État avorté en 2015, Rock Marc Christian Kaboré est élu président. Son second mandat est interrompu par un coup d’État du MPSR en raison de la crise sécuritaire. Curieusement, ce renversement a été largement accepté par la population, tout comme le « coup d’État rectificatif » du MPSR II qui a suivi. Le peuple manifesta même majoritairement son adhésion à travers le concept endogène de « Wayiyan », un appel à soutenir le régime militaire face aux forces...

The air circuit breaker (ACB) is a reliable protection device that uses ambient air to extinguish electric arcs and interrupt circuits. It is primarily employed in power distribution systems to secure circuits and equipment against overcurrents, short circuits, and faults. Operating in ambient air exposes the device to environmental stressors such as humidity, saline conditions, and dust, with a specific emphasis on corrosive atmospheres. Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) and chlorine (Cl₂) are corrosive agents that react with metals such as copper, aluminium, and silver. These reactions increase the resistance of insertion contacts, cause excessive overheating, and lead to short-circuiting, which may result in control unit malfunctions. They also contribute to increased friction, mechanical failures, and stainless-steel spring breakages. While previous studies focused on the effects of metal oxid...

In this paper, a fractional-order model has been developed to study the transmission dynamics of a vector-borne disease. The use of fractional calculus, particularly through the Caputo derivative, provides a mathematical framework that accounts for memory effects and long-term dynamics often observed in vector-borne diseases. The difference between fractional-order and integer-order derivatives is reflected in the memory effect, which allows for greater accuracy in modeling real epidemiological dynamics. The basic reproduction number is calculated, and a qualitative stability analysis of the equilibria is provided. Two control strategies are applied, namely the rate of human protection and the rate of vector control interventions, with the aim of minimizing the number of infected individuals. Numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the theoretical results obtained.

The use of fishmeal and fish oil as ingredients in fish feed increases production costs and has long-term environmental impacts. This study aims to investigate alternative protein sources to fishmeal in fish feed to reduce production costs. To achieve this, maggot meal and poultry intestine meal were incorporated into feed and administered to African catfish juveniles to evaluate their growth, production costs, and assess their welfare. Nine iso-protein (42.5% protein) and iso-lipid (11.7% lipids) diets were formulated using these byproducts. The control diet (D1) contained fishmeal as the sole major protein source; in diets D2 to D5, fishmeal was replaced with maggot meal at rates of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. From D6 to D9, the same substitution was made using poultry intestine meal. Fingerlings with an initial average weight of 13.73±0.23 g were placed in 27 hapas arranged in triplicate...

Feed, especially quality feed, is one of the major challenges facing intensive peri-urban poultry farming in Burkina Faso. The aim of this study was to assess the availability and the quality of poultry feed in the city of Ouagadougou. Indeed, a survey was conducted at the main livestock markets in this city to inventory the raw materials (organic and mineral sources) that are marketed for poultry feeding. A total of 223 samples of organic raw materials and 22 mineral source samples were collected and analyzed by standard methods to determine their composition and qualities. The results generated indicate that, excluding rice bran, sesame seeds, and peanuts, most of feeds of organic basing inventoried and analyzed, contained acceptable crude cellulose (CC) levels, qualifying them as single concentrate feeds. Peanut, sesame and soybean seeds showed fairly good crude protein (CP) contents,...

The authors describe a rare case of small-bowel obstruction caused by an internal hernia through a right ovarian cyst in a 52-year-old woman. Pre-operative CT suggested obstruction with a co-existing ovarian cyst, and laparotomy confirmed an incarcerated, perforated ileal loop that required wedge resection and cystectomy. The patient recovered uneventfully and was discharged on postoperative day 4. The report highlights an exceptional anatomical route for internal herniation and underscores the value of imaging for early suspicion.

Genetic variation within livestock populations underpins global food security, resilience, and the long-term sustainability of breeding programs. Despite its fundamental role, harmonized approaches for assessing and monitoring genetic variation across data sources remain limited. This review provides an integrated framework for assessing genetic variation in livestock using demographic, pedigree, and genomic data, developed by FAO experts and international collaborators. Demographic indicators offer essential insight into population size, sex ratio, and reproductive structure, while pedigree data allow detailed evaluation of genetic relatedness, inbreeding, and effective population size (Ne) over time. Genomic information now provides unprecedented accuracy in characterizing allelic variation, population structure with admixture, and the dynamics of inbreeding and drift. Each data source...

Childhood Illness (IMCI) guidelines, healthcare workers (HCWs) should refer all severe pneumonia among children under 5 seen in primary care in resource-limited settings. We investigated the frequency and correlates of missed opportunities for hospital referral (MOHR) of clinical severe pneumonia. Our study was embedded within the Améliorer l'Identification des détresses Respiratoires chez l'Enfant project, which involved the routine implementation of pulse oximetry (PO) within IMCI consultations at primary healthcare centres (PHCs) in West Africa: Burkina Faso, Guinea, Mali and Niger. Methods All children aged 2–59 months attending IMCI consultations in 16 PHCs and classified as severe cases using IMCI+PO were enrolled into a prospective cohort for 14 days, with parental consent. We estimated the rate of MOHR for IMCI-defined severe pneumonia, which was either not refe...

Il s’est agi d’évaluer l’impact nutritionnel de deux (2) aliments composés de prévulgarisation élaborés par la Recherche sur la performance de croissance des porcs. L’étude a été conduite en zone périurbaine de deux villes du Burkina Faso et a porté sur 86 porcelets locaux et métissés âgés de 3 à 6 mois. L’effet de ces deux aliments composés (AC1 et AC2) a été évalué sur le gain pondéral et les rendements carcasses des porcs de l’étude et ce, en comparaison avec celui des rations paysannes (témoin) durant 105 jours. Les poids finaux des porcs alimentés à l’AC1 (48,76±14,38 kg) et de ceux alimentés à l’AC2 (50,12±14,09 kg) ont été significativement (P≤0,05) plus élevés que ceux des porcs nourris aux rations paysannes (29,87±8,48 kg). Les marges bénéficiaires des porcs alimentés aux rations AC1 et AC2 ont été respectivement de 4718 F CFA et 4 791 F CFA/porc. Chez les porcs nourris aux rati...

Oil products from native trees are far from fully exploited in West Africa. Only well-known species like shea (Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaertn.) and oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) receive attention. We used quantitative questionnaires in 12 villages in Western Burkina Faso to assess the knowledge of four ethnic groups on 28 tree species and how their oil is used. Sixteen species were used the most. Among them, V. paradoxa, E. guineensis, Carapa procera DC., Pentadesma butyracea Sabine and Lophira lanceolata Tiegh. ex Keay received the most citations. Oils were used for soap (22%), food (21%), medicine (19%), body care (18%) and hair care (14%). Significant differences were found among ethnic groups concerning knowledge and preferences of oil products. Apart from the well-known species, C. procera, L. lanceolata and P. butyracea appear to be promising species for promotable oil produc...