Population growth and climate change are putting drinking water resources at risk, making groundwater a key solution to these challenges. In Burkina Faso, more than 80% of the geology consists of crystalline bedrock, which necessitates the search for bedrock aquifers for water supply. The complexity of these aquifers has led to numerous unsuccessful water drillings. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) profiles were therefore conducted in the cities of Loumbila and Ziniaré using the resistivity-meter SYSCAL Pro system, in a Wenner-Schlumberger configuration, to better identify the characteristics of potential aquifer zones. ERT field measurements use a series of electrodes spaced 5 m apart to measure electrical resistivity along the profile. The inversion results are presented as cross-sections showing the distribution of the subsurface’s true resistivity as a function of depth along...

This study presents an integrated geostatistical and multivariate clustering framework to characterize hydrogeological variability across 261 boreholes in the crystalline basement aquifers of Burkina Faso. Spatial autocorrelation analysis based on Moran’s I indicates significant spatial dependence for borehole depth (I = 0.088, p = 0.0059) and static water level (I = 0.063, p = 0.0336), whereas discharge exhibits no significant spatial autocorrelation (I = −0.032, p = 0.7847). Hierarchical agglomerative clustering identifies two complementary organizational scales: a functional hydrogeological classification into three clusters (k = 3, s = 0.3045), corresponding to regolith reservoirs, hydrodynamically constrained media, and high-yielding structural fractures, and a broader macro-spatial regionalization into two clusters (k = 2, s = 0.4978). This scale-dependent organization highlights t...

La gestion des risques financiers sur les marchés émergents d’Afrique de l’Ouest, en particulier à la Bourse Régionale des Valeurs Mobilières (BRVM), requiert des outils de modélisation sophistiqués capables de capturer la structure de dépendance complexe entre les rendements des actifs. Cette étude propose une évaluation comparative du risque de portefeuille constitué de trente actifs de la BRVM à travers l’utilisation des copules Archimax (Clayton, Gumbel et Frank) et de la copule Gaussienne. Sur la base des rendements journaliers observés sur la période 2020–2025, nous estimons les paramètres des différentes copules par la méthode du maximum de vraisemblance canonique, puis nous calculons les mesures de risque Value-at-Risk (VaR) et Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) pour des portefeuilles optimisés. Les résultats permettent d’identifier la copule qui capture le mieux la dépendance de...

This article analyzes monthly and seasonal spatial trends in drought within Burkina Faso using the Rainfall Anomaly Index (RAI). Rainfall data from the Burkina National Meteorological Agency (1991–2023) were processed using the R package ‘precinctcon’ and hydroTSM. Trends were then evaluated using Spearman’s Rho (SR) tests and Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation. The results demonstrated a seasonally differentiated distribution of droughts. While drought dominates the pre-wet season; a distinct wet phase occurs during the peak rainy months of July and August. In contrast, the post-wet season, exhibits fluctuating wet and drought periods. RAI values reflect high inter-seasonal variability, showing that rainfall is concentrated into only a few months. This exposes different regions of Burkina Faso to greater risks of drought. This concentration increases drought risk across vari...

This paper proposes a unified framework combining Extreme Value Theory (EVT) and nonlinear partial differential equations to model financial returns on the BRVM. We conjecture a link between the EVT tail index ξ and the p-Laplacian exponent p: ξ=1/(p−1) . The conjecture is motivated by a heuristic boundary layer analysis (which suggests ξ=1/p ) but empirical fit on 20 BRVM assets unambiguously yields ξ=1/(p−1) . Using independent numerical estimation of p (via the SBA method) and ξ (via GPD), we find excellent agreement. Results show strong heterogeneity across sectors, with agriculture exhibiting the heaviest tails (ξ up to 0.56) and violation of mean reversion. A stress-testing grid is proposed for regulators.

The links between women's empowerment and their reproductive health remain complex due to persistent challenges in defining empowerment and its various components, as well as the factors shaping it in different contexts. These difficulties also stem from the inability to conceptualize reproductive empowerment as an independent process that both reflects and shapes broader empowerment dynamics. This study, based on data from the Performance Monitoring for Action (PMA) research platform in Burkina Faso, aims to assess the validity of a multidimensional measure of agency specifically adapted to reproductive health in the Burkinabe context. This measure consists of two key dimensions: motivation—the ability to define reproductive goals—and self-efficacy—the ability to act on them. It explores women's decision-making autonomy in two key areas of reproductive health: family planning and sexual...

Aims: To assess the hygiene practices, socio-economic determinants, and microbiological quality of Koura koura skewers sold in three cities of Burkina Faso, and to examine the relationships among vendor knowledge, socio-economic status, observed hygiene practices, and product contamination. Study Design: A cross-sectional study combining a vendor questionnaire survey and direct observation of hygiene practices with microbiological analysis of product samples. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in three cities of Burkina Faso: Kaya and Korsimoro (Kuilsé region, in the north-central part of the country) and Ziniaré (Oubri region, in the central part of the country), between August and September 2025. Methodology: A structured questionnaire and observation grid were administered to 78 Koura koura skewer vendors (36 in Kaya, 18 in Korsimoro, and 24 in Ziniaré) using a co...

Abstract—The convergence of software-defined networking and the Internet of Things widens the attack surface of connected networks and calls for defenses able to detect attacks at the controller's vantage point and to block them there. Earlier work compared deep architectures for denial-of-service attack detection and opened two perspectives: extension to the multiclass setting and integration into an operational intrusion detection and prevention system acting in real time. This article takes up these perspectives in an SDN-IoT context. On ASEADOS-SDN-IoT, a recent dataset that synchronizes device traffic with controller telemetry, we evaluate a deep detector organized as a two-stage cascade covering five traffic classes, comparing six architectures at each stage. The hybrid CNN-BiLSTM network offers the best trade-off, and the cascade outperforms a direct multiclass classifier ev...

Abstract Objective: To describe the epidemiologic characteristics and clinical presenta tion of Primary liver cancer (PLC) at Tengandogo University Hospital (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire of Tengandogo, CHU-T) in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study conducted at CHU T, from 1 May 2013 to September 30, 2023. All patients seen for PLC in out patient consultation or inpatient hospitalization were included. Results: One hundred and twenty-four (124) cases of PLC were included, representing an annual average of 11.8 cases. The mean age was 49.6 years, with the age group of 40 - 50 years most commonly represented. The male-to-female sex ratio was 4.2. The majority of patients (56.5%, n = 70) had a WHO performance status score of 3 (patient confined to bed or a wheelchair > 50% of waking hours). Abdominal pain (64.5%, n = 80) an...

Access to clean and affordable cooking energy remains a challenge in developing regions, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where traditional biomass fuels are widely used and are associated with environmental and health concerns. Solar cooking provides a renewable alternative; however, the practical application of low-cost cylindrical solar concentrators for cooking under fluctuating tropical weather conditions remains insufficiently evaluated. This study presents the design and experimental performance evaluation of a low-cost, manually tracked cylindrical solar concentrator intended for cooking applications. The concentrator features an aluminium reflector with a 1.2 m² aperture area and a geometric concentration ratio of 12. Experimental tests conducted during the rainy season under fluctuating solar irradiance assessed the system's thermal performance using water and cottonseed oil...