Introduction: In Burkina Faso, frequency of low birth weight has remained significant hence the interest of our study in order to assess the epidemiological aspects and neonatal prognosis of low birth weight to better target health actions.
Methodology: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study carried out from July 1st to Decem-ber 31, 2021 in the gynecology obstetrics department. The analytical side consisted in studying factors associated with low birth weight at term. For this purpose, we conducted a case-control study with a ratio of 1/1. The study involved all newborns and their mothers.
Results: Hospital frequency of low birth newborns was 13.6%. The average age of women was estimated at 26.89 ± 6.21 years, with extremes of 16 and 45 years. Premature newborns accounted for 59.9% of cases. Vaginal delivery oc-curred in 57.9% of cases. The average weight was 1962.70 ± 692.30 grams. In multivariate analysis, the factors inde-pendently associated with low birthweight were: Residence, maternal age, occupation, socioeconomic level, number of prenatal consultations, type of pregnancy, newborn sex, Ap-gar score below 7 at the first minute and transfer to neona-tology.
Conclusion: Reducing low birth weight frequency mainly implies improving the population’s economic status and in-forming women on the benefits of antenatal care. However, a multi-center study in rural and urban areas, with a close follow-up of women during pregnancy, will enable to signifi-cantly assess the factors risks for better prevention.

Low birth weight; Epidemiology; Prognosis; Yalgado Ouédraogo Teaching Hospital.