Google Scholar See all References However, one of the major difficulties in assessment of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) has been the absence of effective measurability. Data of better quality and greater quantity, especially at the subnational level, must underpin the SDGs.We propose a new generation of population surveillance operations—the Comprehensive Health and Epidemiological Surveillance System (CHESS)—capable of timely delivery of high-quality data for disease-specific and pathogen-specific morbidity, together with data for overall and cause-specific mortality. In addition to disease causes and morbidities, CHESS will include full risk factor surveillance and address the full range of the rapidly transitioning burden of disease, including non-communicable diseases and external causes and their associated morbidities. Importantly, CHESS will include monitoring …