Comparative study of aqueous and alcoholic extract of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliaceae) leaves on two life stages of Haemonchus contortu

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Résumé

In Burkina Faso, the production of small ruminants is confronted with many constraints, including gastrointestinal parasitosis. These parasitic diseases causes many mortality in small ruminant breeding therefore considerable economic losses. Thus, the present study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the in vitro anthelmintic effectiveness of Azadiracta indica (A. indica) leaves on two life stages of Haemonchus contortus (H. contortus): eggs and adult worms. To do this, an aqueous and ethanolic extract of A. indica leaves was carried out. From these extracts, five (5) increasing concentrations were performed: 1.25; 2.5; 5 ; 10 and 20 mg/mL and three (3) controls (distilled water, DMSO 2% and albendazol). These concentrations were brought into contact with i) eggs for Eggs Hatch inhibition Assay st (EHA) and ii) Adult Mortality Test (AMT). Three replicates were performed for each experimental preparations. In vitro observations showed that ethanolic extract of A. indica caused high mortalities (p < 0.0001) ranging from 44.44 to 100% at 2 hours and 6 hours of exposure respectively at 20 mg/mL. In the same time interval, albendazol showed 100% of mortality in H. contortus. For EHA, the inhibition rate varied from 18% to 85% for the aqueous extract and from 54% to 93% for ethanolic extract. We can therefore say that A. indica extracts have nematicidal and ovicidal effect.

Mots-clés

Haemonchus contortus, Azadirachta, Meliaceae, Anthelmintic, Biology, Traditional medicine, Ruminant, Distilled water, Veterinary medicine, Aqueous extract, Toxicology, Botany, Larva, Chemistry, Agronomy, Medicine, Pasture