Review: Anti-fatigue properties and ergogenic potential of phytochemical compounds: From physiological recovery to the challenges of sport doping

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Résumé

Introduction
In the quest for peak performance and public health, the use of plant secondary metabolites to modulate exercise-induced fatigue is gaining traction. This narrative review explores the interaction between phytomolecules (polyphenols, terpenoids, alkaloids), redox homeostasis, and the immune system during physical exertion.
Methodology
A comprehensive literature search was conducted across international databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar). The analysis includes biochemical identification methods, in vivo anti-fatigue evaluation models (forced swimming, metabolic biomarkers), and human clinical trials.
Results
The data reveal that the efficacy of phytomolecules is based on effects that promote recovery, membrane protection, adaptogenic capacity, mental alertness, and glycogen sparing. The study highlights that these compounds increase athletes' tolerance margin by modulating oxidative stress and preventing transient immunosuppression. Many phytomolecules have beneficial effects on the body's physiological and biochemical parameters during physical exertion. Furthermore, medicinal plants, combined with appropriate physical activity, could contribute to the prevention or treatment of certain diseases. While some plants such as Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze, Rhodiola rosea L., and Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer are extensively studied in this regard, many medicinal plants in Africa used in physical activity and sports practices remain understudied.
Conclusion
Medicinal plants can significantly contribute to improving physical performance, but they cannot replace training. Their use in sports must comply with strict rules and require knowledge to avoid unintentional doping and potential organic toxicity.

Mots-clés

Physical effort, Medicinal herbs, Phytomolecules, Antioxidant, Anti-fatigue, Phytotoxicity