Antibiotic resistance profile and prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus at the National Agency for Health Safety in Environment, Food, Work and Health Products in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

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Résumé

Background: Antibiotic resistance is a growing concern in Burkina Faso, driven by
widespread and inappropriate antimicrobial use. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus (MRSA) poses a particular threat through community-acquired infections, which
remain underreported. This study assessed MRSA prevalence and resistance patterns at
the National Agency for Health Safety (ANSSEAT) in Ouagadougou. Methods: Forty-six
S. aureus strains were isolated from vaginal swabs (39.97%), ear pus (34.42%), and urine
samples (32.60%). Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion
method on Mueller-Hinton agar, following EUCAST-CA-SFM 2016 guidelines.
Resistance rates included intermediate and resistant categories. Fisher’s exact test was
used for comparative analysis. Results: Cefoxitin resistance indicated an MRSA
prevalence of 8.71%. Oxacillin resistance reached 28.26%, suggesting a possible
underestimation of MRSA. High resistance rates were observed for penicillin G (95.65%),
kanamycin (91.30%), and gentamicin (71.73%). Significant gender-based differences
were found for gentamicin (p = 0.01) and norfloxacin (p = 0.03). Vancomycin, rifampicin,
and fosfomycin showed strong activity with minimal resistance. No significant differences
were observed across sample types or age groups. Conclusion: The confirmed MRSA
prevalence and widespread resistance to first-line antibiotics highlight the need for
improved screening, expanded testing, and targeted antimicrobial stewardship strategies.
Gender-based differences in resistance patterns underscore the importance of
demographic-specific surveillance. These findings support national antimicrobial
resistance monitoring and community-level intervention efforts.

Mots-clés

Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin resistance, ANSSEAT, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso