Analysis of the technical, economic and environmental optimization of the implementation of a Mini Smart Grid for the electrification of the rural area of Koumnéré in Burkina Faso

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Résumé

This study concerns the implementation of a Mini Smart Grid (MSG) to optimize the use of energy produced by a hybrid PV/Diesel power plant with storage. Since this network has more than two energy sources, an Energy Management System (EMS) is essential to optimize energy distribution between these different sources. An energy management algorithm was developed, and the HOMER Pro modeling and simulation software was used. Five (05) scenarios relating to the combination of the different sources were considered: a complete system (PV Generator, Diesel, Storage, DC/AC converter) called scenario 1, a combination (Diesel Generator, Storage, DC/AC converter) called scenario 2, a combination (PV Generator, Storage, DC/AC converter) called scenario 3, a limitation of the system to Diesel Generator alone which constitutes scenario 4 and finally a last combination (PV Generator, Diesel, DC/AC converter) which is scenario 5. An economic analysis using life-cycle cost and energy cost indicators revealed that the best scenario, in this sense, is scenario 3 (8.12 million FCFA; 10.40 million FCFA). It comes before scenario 1 (12.20 million FCFA; 15.63 million FCFA). This was followed by an environmental pollution analysis. It showed that the most environmentally friendly scenario is scenario 3 because it emits no harmful gases or particles; scenario 1 has very low emissions (2607 kg/year of CO2), it is not perfectly environmentally friendly, but it is acceptable as a system. With population growth, energy intermittency may occur in this system. Scenario 1 will then become the best scenario. The integration of drawdown costs will not affect the results because the scenarios defined as best are also the least polluting

Mots-clés

energy, mini smart grid, scenarios, economic study, environmental study