Epidemiology of cerebrospinal meningitis in a context of vaccine pressure in Burkina Faso

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Résumé

Background: Cerebrospinal meningitis (CSM) constitutes the first cause of meningitis epidemics. They are responsible of mortality and morbidity through the world, particularly in the African meningitis belt. The aim of this work was to determine the meningococcal serogroups in Burkina Faso (BF) despite the vaccine pressure. Methodology: This was a descriptive, prospective study of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients with suspected clinical signs of meningitis. Samples were collected from September 2018 to August 2019 as part of the case-by-case surveillance of meningitis in BF. The identification of bacteria responsible for acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) as well as the serogrouping of Neisseria meningitidis species were achived by real-time PRC (rtPCR). Results: The frequency of ABM was 21.70% (156/719), with Streptococcus pneumoniae leading 44.88% (70/156), follow by Neisseria meningitis 42.94% (67/156) and Haemophillus influenzae 12.18% (19/156). Among the cases of meningitis due to Neisseria meningitidis, only serogroups C and X were detected with 68.65% (46/67) and 31.35% (21/67) respectively. The districts of Sebba and Gayeri were the most affected by serogroup C with 31 and 6 cases respectively. CSM was recorded between February and May with peak in April 52.24% (35/67). Conclusion: cerebrospinal meningitis remains a burden and non-vaccine serogroups have taken place in epidemics in Burkina Faso

Mots-clés

meningitis, Neisseria meningitidis, African meningitis belt