A Bacteriological Profile of Neonatal Infections at the Charles De Gaulle Pediatric University Hospital in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) from 2019 to 2023

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Résumé

Introduction: Neonatal infection is a public health problem due to its frequency and severity. Probabilistic antibiotic therapy must be as effective as possible, hence the importance
of knowing the bacteriological profile in order to improve the care of newborns. The objective of this study is to describe the bacteriological profile of neonatal infections in the
neonatology unit of CHUP-CDG.
Materials and methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive cross-sectional study over a 5-year period, from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2023. It included all samples from
newborns in the neonatology unit who underwent cytobacteriological examination at the CHUP-CDG laboratory. All samples taken for suspected neonatal infection were
included in the study, the results of which were duly reported in the registry during the study period.
Results: A total of 246 biological samples were collected, of which 98 (39.8%) were culture-positive. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
were the most frequently identified bacterial species. As for sensitivity, it was good against vancomycin, amikacin, the combination of piperacillin and tazobactam, imipenem,
netilmycin and chloramphenicol. High resistance to penicillins (penicillin G, ampicillin, ticarcillin), cephalosporins (cefalotin, ceftriaxone and cefepime), also macrolides (azithromycin) and cyclines (tetracycline).
Conclusion: The evolution of resistance phenotypes requires the rational use of antibiotics.

Mots-clés

Neonatal infections; Bacterial strains; Resistance phenotype; Antibiotic susceptibility