Study of the correlation between antibiotic résistance genes -Susceptibility prophiles and biotopes of enterobacteria in Burkina FASO

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Résumé

This study aimed to evaluate the role of resistance genes in the development of antibiotic resistance and to assessthe impact of two factors, namely environment and seasonal climate variations, on the prevalence of these genes.The methodological approach involved animal products (eggs, milk, fish), human sources (urine, feces), and theenvironment (surface soil, lettuce) using standard microbiology methods in order to evaluate antibioticsusceptibility and to detect resistance genes to beta-lactams (blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M-G1) and quinolones(qnrA, qnrB, qnrS) in strains. A total of 325 strains of enterobacteria were identified. The occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteria (ESBL-E) was determined to be 29.9%, 19.2%, and 12% insamples obtained from human, animal, and environmental sources, respectively. This prevalence was 10.8%during the wet season and 24% during the dry season. The correlation study indicated that significant correlations(p < 0.05) were found between the presence of the blaTEM gene and resistance to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim.Additionally, the expression of the CTX-M-G1 gene was linked with resistance to the antibiotics ceftriaxone,cefepime, ceftazidime, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and ciprofloxacin. Significant positive associations (p<0.001) were seen between the elevated expression of the blaTEM and CTX-M-G1 genes and the impact of thebiotope. Furthermore, no correlation has been established between the season and the expression of the studiedbacterial resistance genes. Theresults of this study indicate that the bacterial environment can influence the expression of specific resistancegenes in enterobacteria, contrary to the influence of climatic seasons

Mots-clés

Enterobacteria, resistance genes, biotopes, seasons, Burkina Faso