Baseline report on geographical and sociodemographic disparities in diabetes screening, and compared lifestyles and body-related features between ever and never screened adults in Burkina Faso

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Résumé

Problem Considered: To determine the baseline rate of diabetes screening uptake in Burkina Faso and compare sociodemographic features, lifestyles, and anthropometric and glycaemic characteristics of adults who had ever and never been screened, using the first nationally representative community survey. Methods: Secondary-analysis of the cross-sectional study using the first Burkina Faso WHO STEPS survey. The sociodemographic factors, lifestyle awareness and practices and anthropometric and glycaemic features were compared between ever and never screened adults, using Chi-quare, Fisher’s Exact and Student tests and logistic regressions, in the sample of 4125 adult participants. Results: Only 5.6% (with a wide range from 1.0% to 15.0% across the country’s 13 regions) of participants have ever been screened and more frequently by urban people (17.0%), educated (22.7%) earn workers (34.6%), participants who had previously received at least a healthy lifestyle advice from a health professional (10.1%), overweight participants (10.9%), obese (19.5%) and those with abdominal obesity (12.7%). The prevalence of hyperglycaemia was 5.4 % (9.5% and 5.2% in ever and never screened participants, respectively, p = 0.0001). In logistic regression, the un-favourable sociodemographic factors for screening uptake were living in rural area, being young, un-educated, occupied without regular or formal income, while having received at least a healthy lifestyle advice (aOR = 2.1, p = 0.0001), adequate fruit and vegetables consumption (aOR = 1.9, p = 0.028), cleaning the teeth at least twice a-day (aOR = 1.5, p = 0.016), overweight or obese (aOR = 1.5, p = 0.016), increased BMI (aOR = 1.06, p = 0.0001) and abdominal obesity (aOR = 2.1, p = 0.0001) were favourable factors. Conclusion: The profile of sociodemographic disparities in diabetes screening matched that observed for hypertension and cervical cancer in Burkina Faso. Efficient dissemination of healthy lifestyles is useful for increasing screening attendance. People with normal or low body weight also need to be specifically encouraged to undergo screening. Community engagement combined with health insurance should help address unmet needs.

Mots-clés

Diabetes Screening, Disparities, Lifestyles, Overweight, Obesity, WHO STEPS, Burkina Faso