Risques et perspectives du big data et de l'intelligence artificielle : approche éthique et épistémologique

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Résumé

In the 21st century, the use of big data and AI in the field of health has gradually expanded, although it is accompanied by problems linked to the emergence of practices based on the use of digital traces. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the use of big data and AI in medical practice, to discover the processes generated by digital tools in the field of health and to highlight the ethical problems they pose.The use of ICTs in medical practice is mainly based on the use of EHR, prescription software and connected objects. These uses raise many problems for physicians who are aware of the risk involved in protecting patients' health data. In this work, we are implementing a method for designing CDSS, the temporal fuzzy vector space. This method allows us to model a new clinical diagnostic score for pulmonary embolism. Through the "Human-trace" paradigm, our research allows us not only to measure the limitation in the use of ICT, but also to highlight the interpretative biases due to the delinking between the individual caught in his complexity as a "Human-trace" and the data circulating about him via digital traces. If big data, coupled with AI can play a major role in the implementation of CDSS, it cannot be limited to this field. We are also studying how to set up big data and AI development processes that respect the deontological and medical ethics rules associated with the appropriation of ICTs by the actors of the health system.

Mots-clés

Humanities, Philosophy