High Anxiety and Depression Among People Living with HIV in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

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Résumé

Introduction: Anxiety and depression in people living with HIV (PLHIV) are associated with unfavourable HIV response. We assessed the prevalence and the determinants of anxiety and depression in PLHIV followed up in a community-based clinic (Centre Oasis) in Ouagadougou. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted between April and October 2024 in PLHIV receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) for at least 6 months. Demographic, psychosocial, medical, and behavioural information were collected using a face-to-face questionnaire. Anxiety and depression were both assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The determinants were identified using logistic regression models. Results: A total of 293 PLHIV (mean age 42 years, 60.7% females) were included. The prevalence of anxiety and depression was 21.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 16.2-26.3) and 20.5% (95% CI 15.6-25.8), respectively. Anxiety was associated with older age (adjusted odds ratio aOR 7.72, 95% CI 1.42-42.0), food insecurity (aOR 11.45, 95% CI 3.27-40.1), exposure to violence (aOR 3.95, 95% CI 1.32-12.5) and detectable HIV viral load (aOR 4.17, 95%CI 1.17-10.3). Depression was associated with older age (aOR 6.68, 95% CI 1.47-30.32), food insecurity (aOR 9.75, 95% CI 3.09-30.77), lack of support (aOR 2.44, 95% CI 1.12-6.35), exposure to violence (aOR 4.22, 95% CI 1.47-12.1), and perceived discrimination (aOR 3.48, 95% CI 1.50-8.08). Conclusion: Anxiety and depression are common among PLHIV in Burkina Faso and are strongly associated with age, structural and psychosocial vulnerabilities. The integration of mental health screening and support services into routine HIV care, with particular attention to the vulnerable populations, is needed.

Mots-clés

Anxiety, Depression, PLHIV, Prevalence, Burkina Faso