Lipid profile in nephrotic syndrome in children admitted to the Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital Center
- 7èmes journées scientifiques du CAMES , (1) : 1-1
Résumé
Introduction: Nephrotic syndrome is a common chronic kidney disease in children, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. In Burkina Faso, it represents a real challenge for pediatric care. In addition to kidney damage, nephrotic syndrome is often accompanied by dyslipidemia, which is implicated in worsening prognosis and cardiovascular risk. However, local data remain limited, justifying the conduct of this study.
Methodology: This was a case-control study conducted from January to June 2025 at the Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital, including 40 children aged 3 to 15 years (20 cases of nephrotic syndrome and 20 controls). Fasting blood samples and 24-hour urine samples were used to perform biochemical tests: proteinemia, albuminemia, creatininemia, proteinuria, and lipid profile. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata 16.0, with a significance threshold of p < 0.05, in accordance with ethical rules and after informed consent.
Results: The mean age of the patients in the study was 8.5 ± 3.65 years and the male-to-female ratio was 1.5. In the cases, the mean proteinuria was 0.71 ± 1.49 g/24h, the mean proteinemia was 55.95 ± 7.25 g/L, and the mean albuminemia was 36.88 ± 6.93 g/L. The mean values for total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol were significantly higher in children monitored for nephrotic syndrome (p=0.007, p=0.0001, and p=0.022, respectively). The dyslipidemias found in these children were hypercholesterolemia (25%), hypertriglyceridemia (20%), and hypoHDL-cholesterolemia (5%).
Conclusion: The study highlighted a high frequency of dyslipidemia in nephrotic syndrome. These abnormalities, particularly elevated LDL cholesterol, expose patients to significant cardiovascular risk. Systematic lipid monitoring and early management are necessary to improve the prognosis and quality of life of children being treated for this condition.
Mots-clés
Lipid profile, Dyslipidemia, Nephrotic syndrome, Child, CHU-YO