Use of different cotton pest control strategies (conventional, organic and transgenic) had no impact on insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l. populations in Burkina Faso, West Africa

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Résumé

Resistance to insecticides in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae s.l can jeopardize malaria vector
control strategies. Previous studies have shown that the agricultural chemicals, used particularly
for cotton protection, selected the insecticide resistant malaria vectors. Our study aimed at
assessing the impact of three cotton pest management strategies in different ecological
settings (conventional, organic and transgenic cotton growing areas) on the i) susceptibility
to insecticides belonging to pyrethroids, DDT, carbamate and organophosphate tested on
the main malaria vectors and ii) frequencies of kdr L1014F, during rainy season of 2008,
2009, 2013 and 2014 in Burkina Faso. From 2008 to 2014, most of populations of An. gambiae
s.l from the three cotton growing areas exhibited a reduction in susceptibility to almost all
insecticide classes. The frequency of kdr L1014F mutations varied depending on both localities
and species within the An. gambiae complex, but no relationship was found between the
cotton pest control strategies and the frequency of kdr L1014F. These results confirm the
worrying status of insecticide multi-resistance within the vector mosquito species from
Burkina Faso

Mots-clés

Pest management; cotton; malaria vector control; insecticide resistance; Burkina Faso