Free radical scavenging activity and HPLC-MS identification of major anthocyanin in ripe Ziziphus mucronata fruit collected in Burkina Faso

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Résumé

In recent decades, interest in anthocyanin pigments has increased due to their possible use as natural food
colorants, antioxidants, and anti-inflammatory agents. This study aimed to identify the major anthocyanins in
ripe Ziziphus mucronata fruit harvested in the Niangoloko classified forest. HPLC-ESI-MS/MS was used to
identify anthocyanins. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoids (TFC) were assessed using the
Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and the spectrophotometric method of Khan (2012) respectively. Total anthocyanin
content (TAC) was obtained using a differential pH method. Total antioxidant potential (TAC) was carried out
using DPPH and ABTS tests. Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside and cyanidin 3-O-galactoside were major anthocyanins
identified by HPLC-MS. Quantitative analysis showed that this fruit contains an average of 321 ± 11 mg gallic
acid equivalent (GAE), 3815 ± 15 mg quercetin equivalent (QE), and 9.64 ± 0.70 mg cyanidin 3-O-glucoside
equivalent per 100 g fresh fruit. Total antioxidant contents ranged between 206.57 ± 7.00 and 88.72 ± 0.87 mg
TE/100 g fresh fruit. Free radical scavenging activity of Ziziphus mucronata fruit was found to be 342.90 µg/mL,
while that of standard Trolox was 21.8 µg/mL. Therefore, Ziziphus mucronata fruit could be a potential source
of natural bioactive substances of great interest to consumers.

Mots-clés

Ziziphus mucronata fruit, bioactive compound, anthocyanin, HPLC-MS, free radical scavenging