A field guide for sampling bats (Chiroptera) for eco-epidemiological studies

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Résumé

Bats serve as reservoir hosts for numerous zoonotic pathogens of public health
significance, including coronaviruses, lyssaviruses, and henipaviruses, while
simultaneously playing critical roles in ecosystem function through pollination,
seed dispersal, and pest control. The increasing frequency of bat-associated disease
outbreaks has intensified research interest; yet standardized protocols for safe and
effective bat sampling remain fragmented. We conducted a systematic review of
bat sampling practices and synthesized comprehensive guidelines for capturing,
handling, and sampling free-ranging bats for epidemiological surveillance and
outbreak investigations. Our framework emphasizes three key elements, including
(i) biosecurity measures to prevent pathogen spillover transmission from bats to
humans, (ii) biosafety protocols to avoid spillback transmission, and (iii) welfare
considerations to minimize the impact on bat populations. Through analysis of
published literature and field protocols, we identified significant gaps between
recommended and common practices in bat research. We present evidence-based
recommendations for capture techniques, specimen collection, sample processing,
and storage methods, with particular attention to maintaining sample quality while
ensuring safety. Additionally, we provide detailed guidance for field laboratory
setup, personnel training requirements, and emergency response procedures.
The implementation of these standardized protocols will enhance the quality and
compatibility of bat research data while protecting both human and bat health.
This guide serves as a foundation for safe, ethical, and effective investigation of
bat-borne pathogen epidemiology and ecology, particularly in resource-limited
settings where disease emergence risks are often highest.

Mots-clés

bats, bat-borne, biosafety, biosecurity, Chiroptera, sampling, surveillance, welfare