Trends in Antimicrobial Resistance among Enterobacteriaceae Uropathogenic Strains in Burkina Faso: Insights from Six Years of Laboratory Data

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Résumé

Introduction: The increasing incidence of urinary tract infections (UTIs)
caused by multidrug-resistant organisms represents a pressing global health
challenge. The current study aims to investigate longitudinal trends in antibiotic
resistance among Enterobacteriaceae isolated from urine samples in Burkina
Faso. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at three medical laborato
ries in Burkina Faso over 6 years (January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2022). Data
extracted from laboratory registers included patient demographics (age and
sex), bacterial species identified, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing results.
Results: Data from 5,310 positive patient urine cultures were extracted and
analyzed in this study. Escherichia coli (67.12%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae
(25.99%) were the predominant species. There was a marked increase in re
sistance to key antibiotic classes: amoxicillin resistance rose from 50.6% to
92.7%, ciprofloxacin from 43.2% to 60.2%, and third-generation cephalosporins
from 36.0% to 53.4%. Multidrug resistance (MDR) prevalence increased from
80.9% to 92.1% over the study period. Conclusions: The study highlights a crit
ical escalation in antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens in Burkina Faso.
Incorporating local resistance data into empirical treatment guidelines and in
vesting in diagnostic stewardship are essential to preserve treatment efficacy and
prevent the spread of resistant strains.

Mots-clés

Antimicrobial Resistance, Urinary Tract Infections, Enterobacteriaceae, Multidrug Resistance, Burkina Faso