Background: Extended Spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are
enzymes produced by some bacteria that ŝnĂcƟvĂƚĞ
oxyimino-cephalosporins, a class of β-lactam ĂnƟbŝŽƟcƐ
family. They are mainly encoded by the β-lactamase gene
families TEM, SHV and CTX-M. The Enterobacteriaceae
expressing these genes, in ƉĂrƟcƵůĂr Escherichia coli are
widely expanded in the world with ĚŝīĞrĞnƚ prevalence rate
from one region to another. The ŽbũĞcƟvĞ of this study,
carried out from strains isolated at the NĂƟŽnĂů /nƐƟƚƵƚĞ of
Hygiene (INH) in Togo, was to (i) detect and characterize the
genes involving in the ƉrŽĚƵcƟŽn of β-lactamase among E.
coli strains and (ii) evaluate their prevalence.
Methodology: From May 2013 to July 2015, 91 E. coli
strains resistant to third ŐĞnĞrĂƟŽn cephalosporins (C3G)
were collected from several specimens and analyzed for the
ĚĞƚĞcƟŽn of β-lactamase resistance genes, blaTEM, blaSHV
and blaCTX-M by simplex and mƵůƟƉůĞx PCR.
Results: The E. coli strains resistant at least to one third
ŐĞnĞrĂƟŽn cephalosporin, were isolated from urine 58/91
(63.74%), vaginal samples 17/91 (17.68%), wound swabs
7/91 (7.69%), 4/91 semen samples (4.40%), urethral
cƵrĞƩĂŐĞ CU 2/91 (2.20%), sputum 1/91 (1.1%), stool 1/91
(1.1%) and joint ŇƵŝĚ 1/91 (1.1%). Resistance to third
ŐĞnĞrĂƟŽn cephalosporins was associated with a resistance
to quinolone (96.67%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
(94.44%), gentamicin (75.82%) and chloramphenicol
(59.09%). ESBL genes were present in all E. coli strains with
the following ƉrŽƉŽrƟŽnƐ͗ TEM/CTX-M1 52/91 (57.14%),
TEM/SHV/CTX-M1 19/91 (20.88%), CTX-M 18/91 (19.78%),
TEM 1/91 (1.10%) and TEM/SHV 1/91 (1.10%).
Conclusion: The presence of ESBL producing E. coli is a
reality in Togo and their wide ĚŝƐƐĞmŝnĂƟŽn compromises
the treatment of classical ŝnĨĞcƟŽnƐ such as urinary tract
ŝnĨĞcƟŽn͕ bacterial pneumonia, sepsis or mĞnŝnŐŝƟƐ͘ The
ĂcqƵŝƐŝƟŽn of molecular data on bacterial resistance to
ĂnƟbŝŽƟcƐ is necessary for bĞƩĞr ƚŚĞrĂƉĞƵƟc management
of these ŝnĨĞcƟŽnƐ͘ This is a ĮrƐƚ ĚĞƚĞrmŝnĂƟŽn of the βlactamase genes in Togo.
E. coli, ESBL, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M1, Togo