Particulate matter (PM) is one of the main air pollutants with 257,000 deaths per year in Africa. Studying their toxic mechanisms
of action could provide a better understanding of their effects on the population health. *e objective of this study was to describe
the PM10 toxic mechanism of action collected in 3 districts of Ouagadougou. Once per month and per site between November
2015 and February 2016, PM10 was sampled for 24 hours using the MiniVol TAS (AirMetrics, Eugene, USA). *e collected filters
were then stored in Petri dishes at room temperature for in vitro toxicological studies using human pulmonary artery endothelial
cells (HPAEC) at the Bordeaux INSERM-U1045 Cardio-thoracic Research Center. *e three study districts were classified based
on PM10 level (high, intermediate, and low, respectively, for districts 2, 3, and 4). PM10 induced a concentration-dependent
decrease in cell viability. A significant decrease in cell viability was observed at 1 μg/cm2, 10 μg/cm2, and 25 μg/cm2 for, respectively,
districts 2, 3, and 4. A significant increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed at 10 μg/cm2
for district 2 versus 5 μg/cm2 and 1 μg/cm2 for districts 3 and 4, respectively. Finally, a significant production of IL-6 was recorded
from 5 μg/cm2 for district 4 versus 10 μg/cm2 for districts 2 and 3. Consequently, Ouagadougou is subjected to PM10 pollution,
which can induce a significant production of ROS and IL-6 to cause adverse effects on the health of the population.

Citotoxicity, PM10, oxidative stress, Ouagadougou