Accidental acute poisoning (AAP) in children is a significant public health problem worldwide. Their adequate management requires relevant biological elements. The objective of this study was to evaluate ionic disturbances during acute poisoning in children aged from 0 to 15 years admitted to the Charles De Gaulle Pediatric University Hospital (CHUP-CDG) of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. A retrospective descriptive and analytical study was therefore conducted over a period of 3 years at CHUP-CDG. It was performed in the pediatric, intensive care and laboratory departments of the CHUP-CDG, and involved children aged from 0 to 15 years with complete clinical records. A total of 193 patients were included, with a mean age of 18.82±24.85 months and M/F sex ratio of 1.38. The hospital incidence of AAP was 2.43% and the mortality rate 16.06%. Phytomedicinal intoxications were the most common (39.38%), followed by caustic products (19.69%). On admission, serum electrolytes showed hypobicarbonatemia (64.23%), hyperchloremia (55.24%), hyponatremia (33.78%), hypoproteinemia (21.47%) and hyperkalemia (12.16%). At control, hypobicarbonatemia (28.57%), hyperchloremia (75%), hypoproteinemia (28.57%), hyperkalemia (12.50%) and here hypernatremia (25%) were found. The deceased patients had significantly lower natremia (p=0.0442), chloremia (p=0.0007) and proteinemia (p=0.0004) than the other patients in the study. The high death rate was related to herbal medicines and caustic intoxications. Many hydroelectric disorders were found in the study. These disorders could be explain par digestive losses. Indeed, the main clinical signs found in the study were vomiting and diarrhea in children. In addition, acute renal failure in patients could also explain these ionic disturbances. AAP are at the root of multiple ionic disorders, which may be responsible for life-threatening complications in patients.

Electrolytes, Sodium, Bicarbonates, Accidental Acute Poisoning, Child, CHUP-CDG, Burkina Faso