Background
Since 2000, Burkina Faso has experienced regular dengue cases and outbreaks, making dengue an increasingly important health concern for the country. Previous studies in Burkina Faso reported that resistance of Aedes aegypti to pyrethroid insecticides was associated with the F1534C and V1016I kdr mutations. The current study reports high resistance of Ae. aegypti populations to pyrethroid insecticides, likely supported by mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel, here evidenced by genotyping the kdr SNPs V410L, V1016I and F1534C. We also describe a new multiplex PCR-based diagnostic of F1534C and V1016I kdr SNPs.

Methods
Larvae of Ae. aegypti were collected from three health districts of Ouagadougou in 2018. The resistance status of Ae. aegypti to permethrin (15 μg/ml) and deltamethrin (10 μg/ml) was tested using bottles and to malathion (5%) using WHO tube tests. All bioassays used 1-h exposure and mortality recorded 24 h post-exposure. Bioassay results were interpreted according to WHO thresholds for resistance diagnosis. The kdr mutations were screened using AS-PCR and TaqMan methods in exposed and non-exposed Aedes mosquitoes.

Results
Females from all health districts were resistant to permethrin and deltamethrin (

Aedes aegypti, Pyrethroids, Resistance, Malathion, Multiplex PCR, Kdr, Burkina Faso, Dengue