Lantana camara (LC) is an aromatic plant used in traditional medicine in Burkina Faso in association with other plants for the management of many microbial and inflammatory pathologies. The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition, the antioxidant and antitumor activities on prostate and cervical cancer cells in culture of the essential oil (EO) of this plant. The chemical composition of Lantana camara EO was determined by Gas Chromatography with Flame-Ionization Detection (GC-FID) and Gas Chromatography–Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and the antiproliferative activity was evaluated through the 3 [4.5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test assay. A total of 48 compounds have been identified in the essential oil of Lantana camara of which cabinene, beta-caryophyllene, eucalyptol and alpha-humulene are found to be the majority. However, 4 compounds, unknown in the literature, present in this essential oil have not been identified. Lantana camara essential oil inhibits both the proliferation of HeLa cells from cervical cancer and LNCaP (Lymph Node Carcinoma of the Prostate) cells from prostate cancer. Beyond constituting the scientific basis for the use of Lantana camara in traditional medicine through its antiproliferative effect. These results require further study by determining the nature of its unidentified compounds and its mechanism of molecular action on these two cancer cell lines in vitro.