This work aims to assess the challenges of water treatment methods used in Burkina Faso in order to propose some improvements. The methodology consisted to collect information using survey data and treat the obtained data. It consists of data collection, interviews with stakeholders, field trips, analysis and processing of data obtained using software (Kobocollecte, Sphynx). Literature data have been quantitatively and qualitatively collected in different sites of water treatment. Results revealed that urban waste waters are facing due to organic pollution and inorganic pollution. In addition, ground waters are exposed to pollution from cyanides, toxic metals and metalloids such as mercury, chromium, copper and arsenic. The methods used for the water treatment include adsorption, coagulation-flocculation and filtration-adsorption techniques which showed their efficiencies under a certain conditions but these methods were not able to remove all pollutants up to their admissible value.