Over the past few decades, the incidence of dengue fever has increased dramatically worldwide, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Several factors, including genetic, climatic, immunological and factors related to the virus (primarily Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus) and to humans,
are associated with the growing risk of the dengue cases spreading in Africa. Research has revealed that a range of genetic and immunological factors are linked to the clinical signs and severity of dengue. Furthermore, several climatic factors contribute significantly to the transmission of the disease in Africa. Scientists have therefore concluded that complications related to clinical manifestations are associated with genetic and immunological factors in both humans and the virus, and that its evolution over time and space is linked to climate factors. It is therefore necessary to characterize these various factors associated with the evolution of dengue in Africa. This approach aims to contribute to control the disease, which has taken a worrying turn in African countries. In this regard, the literature was systematically reviewed to establish the role of these factors (genetic, immunological, and climatic) and their influence on the evolution of dengue infection. Terms likely to provide useful information were searched on the internet using search engines such as PubMed and Google Scholar. After eliminating duplicates, 64 articles were eligible for inclusion. The data were extracted and grouped according to climatic factors, circulating serotypes, host and vector genetic factors and discussed. It appears that the fight against dengue also involves controlling these factors.

Africa, Dengue, Genetic, immunological and climatic factors, Review