The study investigated how seasonal humidity patterns in 2020 influenced the survival, growth, and yield of different onion (Allium cepa L.) varieties. Relative humidity showed strong seasonal variation, starting at low and unstable levels from January to April (minimum 10 to 40%, maximum 40 to 80%), rising steadily from May to nearly 100%, and later declining from November to December (20 to 80%). Significant genetic variation (p < 0.001) was observed across traits, supporting potential for variety improvement. Performance varied widely among varieties. Prema 178 and EW001 emerged as the most promising, showing the highest survival (70 and 61.75%), greatest plant height (5.93 cm), and largest collar diameters (1.50 to 1.52 cm). By contrast, Violet de Galmi and Jan Iri displayed poor survival, reduced growth, and weaker morphology. Leaf production ranged from 7.00 to 12.30 leaves, with Charlotte and 727 performing best. Maturity times differed, from Jan Iri’s 106.2 days to Prema 178’s 126 days. Yield outcomes also varied significantly: Prema 178 achieved the highest yield (18.48 t/ha), followed by EW001 (16.57 t/ha), while Violet de Galmi produced the lowest (1.18 t/ha), a difference of over tenfold. Correlation analysis revealed positive associations among survival, growth, maturity, and yield. Overall, Prema 178 and EW001 showed superior adaptability and productivity.

Humid season, humidity-tolerant, onion varieties, productivity, breeding programs, high-yielding.