In Burkina Faso, pepper is increasingly cultivated and is one of the vegetable crops with a high market value. However, knowledge about farmers' management practices that could help in research questions on this crop are less available. The aim of this study is to understand farmers' practices in chilli cultivation in Burkina Faso. A survey on chilli cultivation practices involving 384 growers was carried out in 20 of the country's provinces, divided in three phytogeographical sectors. The collected data were subjected to descriptive and statistical analysis using EXCEL 2016 spreadsheet and R 4.1.2 software with the Rcmdr Package. The results showed that predominantly male growers (92.19%) practice monoculture of chilli (87.24%) over two seasons (winter and dry). The seeds were obtained through a selection at field level (80.91%) at least over two production seasons, and by purchase (55.18%). For 87.24% of the respondents, the crop is produced in small area (less than a quarter of a hectare). The main constraints in chilli production are the faint accessibility to chemical fertilizers and micro-credits, the attacks due to bio-aggressors, etc. These constraints limit the sector's performance and deserve to be analyzed in order to find solutions to boost the production.