Biodiversity contributes enormously to the well-being of communities. However, human activities threaten this diversity, especially in aquatic ecosystems. This work was initiated to show the impact of these activities on the diversity and distribution of some key organisms such as freshwater molluscs. Its objective is to show the influence of anthropogenic activities on the distribution of freshwater molluscs in Burkina Faso. The study consisted first to make the malacological inventory in sites undergoing different types of anthropic pressures. Physicochemical conditions of these sites were measured at the same time. Then the relationship between the physicochemical factors and the species distribution was determined. In total, 11 species of molluscs were identified. They belong to two classes, 7 families and 10 genera. Most of the species has been found in agricultural areas related to nutrient availability in relation to fertilizer and the diversity of aquatic habitats. No species have been found in urban areas due to high level of pollution. The abundance of human and animal parasitic vectors in agricultural areas constitutes a risk to local communities. This study has shown that human activities influence the distribution of freshwater molluscs increasing their development in agricultural area but constitute a serious threat in urban areas.

Agricultural area human activities Molluscs Urbanarea Burkina Faso